Holograms :: essays research papers

Toss a pebble in a pond -see the ripples? Now drop two pebbles close together. Look at what happens when the two sets of waves combine -you get a new wave! When a crest and a trough meet, they cancel out and the water goes flat. When two crests meet, they produce one, bigger crest. When two troughs collide, they make a single, deeper trough. Believe it or not, you've just found a key to understanding how a hologram works. But what do waves in a pond have to do with those amazing three- dimensional pictures? How do waves make a hologram look like the real thing? It all starts with light. Without it, you can't see. And much like the ripples in a pond, light travels in waves. When you look at, say, an apple, what you really see are the waves of light reflected from it. Your two eyes each see a slightly different view of the apple. These different views tell you about the apple's depth -its form and where it sits in relation to other objects. Your brain processes this information so that you see the apple, and the rest of the world, in 3-D. You can look around objects, too -if the apple is blocking the view of an orange behind it, you can just move your head to one side. The apple seems to "move" out of the way so you can see the orange or even the back of the apple. If that seems a bit obvious, just try looking behind something in a regular photograph! You can't, because the photograph can't reproduce the infinitely complicated waves of light reflected by objects; the lens of a camera can only focus those waves into a flat, 2-D image. But a hologram can capture a 3-D image so lifelike that you can look around the image of the apple to an orange in the background -and it's all thanks to the special kind of light waves produced by a laser. "Normal" white light from the sun or a lightbulb is a combination of every colour of light in the spectrum -a mush of different waves that's useless for holograms. But a laser shines light in a thin, intense beam that's just one colour. That means laser light waves are uniform and in step. When two laser beams intersect, like two sets of ripples meeting in a pond, they produce a single new wave pattern: the hologram. Here's how it happens: Light coming from a laser is split into two beams, called the object beam and the reference beam. Spread by lenses and bounced off a mirror, the object beam hits the apple. Holograms :: essays research papers Toss a pebble in a pond -see the ripples? Now drop two pebbles close together. Look at what happens when the two sets of waves combine -you get a new wave! When a crest and a trough meet, they cancel out and the water goes flat. When two crests meet, they produce one, bigger crest. When two troughs collide, they make a single, deeper trough. Believe it or not, you've just found a key to understanding how a hologram works. But what do waves in a pond have to do with those amazing three- dimensional pictures? How do waves make a hologram look like the real thing? It all starts with light. Without it, you can't see. And much like the ripples in a pond, light travels in waves. When you look at, say, an apple, what you really see are the waves of light reflected from it. Your two eyes each see a slightly different view of the apple. These different views tell you about the apple's depth -its form and where it sits in relation to other objects. Your brain processes this information so that you see the apple, and the rest of the world, in 3-D. You can look around objects, too -if the apple is blocking the view of an orange behind it, you can just move your head to one side. The apple seems to "move" out of the way so you can see the orange or even the back of the apple. If that seems a bit obvious, just try looking behind something in a regular photograph! You can't, because the photograph can't reproduce the infinitely complicated waves of light reflected by objects; the lens of a camera can only focus those waves into a flat, 2-D image. But a hologram can capture a 3-D image so lifelike that you can look around the image of the apple to an orange in the background -and it's all thanks to the special kind of light waves produced by a laser. "Normal" white light from the sun or a lightbulb is a combination of every colour of light in the spectrum -a mush of different waves that's useless for holograms. But a laser shines light in a thin, intense beam that's just one colour. That means laser light waves are uniform and in step. When two laser beams intersect, like two sets of ripples meeting in a pond, they produce a single new wave pattern: the hologram. Here's how it happens: Light coming from a laser is split into two beams, called the object beam and the reference beam. Spread by lenses and bounced off a mirror, the object beam hits the apple.

Seven Approaches to Studying the Human Body

When studying the human body, there are seven organizational approaches. Each approach studies the body in a different yet unique way and is used in the health care field. The approaches consist of; body planes and directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic and macroscopic, body systems and medical specialties. There are three body planes which use different directions: coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Coronal plane slices the body from head to toe giving a front and back view.There are two directions that are related with it; anterior posterior, moving from the outside of the body through the anterior part then the posterior section, and posterior anterior, which is its reverse. Sagittal plane cuts the body right down the middle giving a right and left view. Moving medially is to go inwards or towards the middle of the body from the outside and to go laterally is as if moving out or from the midline towards the outside of the body. Lastly, transverse plane divides the body giving a top and bottom sections. The top half is superior and the lower half is inferior.Moving cephalad is moving superiorly, and cuadad is moving inferiorly. Radiologists would use this approach when looking at x-rays or MRI scans to distinguish how the image was taken. There are five sections of hallow space, known as cavities, in the human body, all of which carry-over each other. Starting from the head is the cranial cavity that protects the brain, then the spinal cavity that travels down the middle of the back, then in the chest is the thoracic cavity where the lungs, heart and esophagus are, next is the abdominal cavity which is around the abdominal muscles and last is the pelvic cavity where the hip bones lay.An ultrasound technician would use this approach when projecting images from inside the body cavity onto the screen. The approach to use quadrants and regions is to divide up the abdominopelvic area into four parts, which are quadrants, and then into nine parts out of that which give you regions. (â€Å"Scribd. com†, 2010) This method can be used as a reference to where the organs are located in which area. For instance, in the left lower quadrant is the lower part of the kidney, part of the colon, and the left ovary for women. This type of diagram would help ith position the organs. In the health field, physicians refer to this during an internal exam. According to â€Å"Degreedirectory. org† (1999), anatomy studies the structure of organs and cells. Since cells are a microscopic size the best way to study, using this approach is with a microscope, which is, a tool used to examine cells. Physiology is the study of the function of organ and cells. Organs are of a macroscopic size that means it can be seen with the naked eye. These approaches can be used in many ways in health care.An orthopedic would study muscles and tendons or an immunologist would study blood cells using a microscope. Th e human body is made up of several different types of systems. This means that each system is made up of a few organs, which synchronize with one another and work as a unit. Organs are unable to perform without the help of the other organs in their unit. All of the organs support one another to perform their functions. The gastrointestinal system breaks down the foods we eat into protein, vitamins, fats and carbohydrates, which is used for energy, growth and repair.The organs in the respiratory system are the nose, trachea and lungs. These organs help bring air into the body and eliminate the carbon dioxide. There is a system that acts as a defense called the lymphatic system and runs through the whole body. This system’s main function is to make white blood cells that act as disease fighting antibodies. The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. This system’s main function is to act like a barrier to guard the body from the outside world. The skeletal system protects the organs.It is made up of bones, ligaments, joints and tendons. It gives support and structure to the body and a place for muscle attachment and movement. In other words, it holds the body up. Without the skeletal system the human body would be unable to walk or stand up. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to control the movement of the human body. There are two types of muscles; ones that are voluntary such as moving an arm or leg and ones that are involuntary and act on their own such as the beating of a heat or stomach.

Why Utilitarianism Is The Best Moral Theory - 1994 Words

Alougba Nicole Gnonse-Padonou A.N.Gnonse#1 Cliff Hill Moral Reasoning 10 October 2014 First paper Essay In order to support the right answer to crucial moral problems, certain philosophers use theory. Theory is an abstract statement formulated to predict, explain, or describe the relationships among concepts or events. Theory is developed and tested by observations and research, using factual data. I’m currently studying the following theories: Intuitionism, Egoism, Utilitarianism, Divine Command Theory, Virtue Ethics, Cultural Relativism, Moral Nihilism, Ethics of Caring, Kantian Ethics and Social Contract Theory. I’ve read each one of them and have noticed their flaws. I was impressed with utilitarianism, which shows the most logically believed theory. I have no doubt utilitarianism is the best moral theory. I chose to defend utilitarianism because it has a major influence on the types of assessment methods. As a health care giver, I believe utilitarianism will be useful in deontological concerns and to evaluate alternative solutions in the health care system. Giving a n overall explanation of utilitarianism, defining and contracting act utilitarian and rule utilitarian, and listing some reasons will prove that utilitarianism is the best theory yet. Utilitarianism is a philosophical theory. It concerns how to evaluate a large range of things that involve choices communities or groups face. These choices include policies, laws, human’s rights, moral codes,Show MoreRelatedUtilitarianism : Theory And Contemporary Issues1350 Words   |  6 Pagestaking the path that best benefits us. The theory of utilitarianism provides a solution to this but at what cost? What are the benefits and disadvantages of utilitarianism? Is utilitarianism an idea one should live by? What is utilitarianism? I plan on answering these questions within this paper and understand how they relate to everyday life. I will also look at arguments for and against utilitarianism. Then analyze the appealing and unappealing features to determine if utilitarianism should be followedRead MoreExamples Of Utilitarianism1498 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism Utilitarianism unlike other theories reviews the consequences of an action and according to Mill and Bentham, should view happiness as being based upon pleasure that are more long lasting and cerebral. I believe that utilitarianism is the most acceptable theory because it requires that we take into account the consequences of an action to promote the maximum amount of happiness and unlike deontology which does not take into account consequences nor does it take in account childrenRead MoreUtilitarian Arguments1681 Words   |  7 Pagesthe good of the many. Utilitarian moral theories evaluate the moral worth of action on the basis of happiness that is produced by an action. Whatever produces the most happiness in the most people is the moral course of action. I will give the best arguments against Utilitarianism, and show in my own opinion, why I think they are wrong. The strongest counterargument against Utilitarianism would have to be Sterling Harwood’s eleven objections to the theory. Sterling Harwood states that evenRead MoreEthical Theories Supporting Different Moral Perspectives Of Human Actions871 Words   |  4 PagesThere are numerous ethical theories supporting different moral perspectives of human actions. The various theories differ according to the way in which they require people to act, and in their fundamental arguments. Because of different perspectives and philosophical views, no ethical theory can be said to be superior to the other. The paper that follows describes and defends the ethical theory of utilitarianism. Reasons why Utilitarianism is the Correct Ethical Theory i. It reinforces rationalityRead MoreThe Basic Moral Standard Is Human Welfare975 Words   |  4 PagesThe basic moral standard is human welfare. Specifically, my welfare and the welfare of others. Each classical moral theory has propose human welfare. Some theories completely focus on motives while others completely focus on rules or acts. However, each classical ethical theory alone cannot provide a plausible guideline for impartial human welfare without controversy. Multiple-strategies utilitarianism theory is the most suitable because it provides various strategies for general welfare. The multiple-strategiesRead MoreIn Intro to Ethics, we have discussed each moral theory in the context of how the theories dealt1000 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed each moral theory in the context of how the theories dealt with the theory of right conduct and with the deontic status the action had. When we looked at how each theory we talked about dealt with deontic status, we looked at how the actions were right or wrong. The main theories we looked at this semester that dealt with right conduct were utilitarianism, Kant’s moral theory, and virtue ethics. Although each of these moral theories has its own flaws, I believe that Kant’s moral theory is theRead More Utilitarianism vs. Kantianism Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism vs. Kantianism Ethics can be defined as the conscious reflection on our moral beliefs with the aim of improving, extending or refining those beliefs in some way. (Dodds, Lecture 2) Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism are two theories that attempt to answer the ethical nature of human beings. This paper will attempt to explain how and why Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism differ as well as discuss why I believe Kants theory provides a more plausible account of ethicsRead MoreUtilitarianism versus Deontologism1110 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Utilitarianism is normative ethical theory from a school of thought that believes we must guide our actions always by the consequences that can from follow them. Utilitarian’s believe we ought to implement the actions that bring the most overall happiness. Deontologists believe in an ethical theory that is guided by maxims, which means the action you choose must be applied to all scenarios, for example even if lying is the best option in one particular situation, in most regular situationsRead MoreMoral Theory Of Max Act Utilitarianism1576 Words   |  7 PagesMax Act Utilitarianism Kirill Parshin University of San Francisco  Ethics is all about principles of right conduct. Under the umbrella term, consequentialism has a much more specific moral theory known as max act utilitarianism. Max act utilitarianism is one of the most well known and influential theories that provides the best notion for the theory of right conduct. After a brief explanation of act utilitarianism, the argument of this paper will then seek to favor why act utilitarianism providesRead MoreEssay on Utilitarianism1264 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism There are many essays, papers and books written on the concept of right and wrong. Philosophers have theorized about moral actions for eons, one such philosopher is John Stuart Mill. In his book Utilitarianism he tries to improve on the theories of utilitarianism from previous philosophers, as he is a strong believer himself in the theory. In Mills book he presents the ideology that there is another branch on the utilitarian tree. This branch being called rule-utilitarianism

Walt Disney Company The Quest For Competitive Advantage

The Walt Disney Company, a company that every person from ages four to ninety-four know. Some people believe Disney is just a company that creates new characters and movies for their children to grow up with, however; they are expanded their horizons throughout the years. Today, Walt Disney is diversified in the media and entertainment industry. These include theme parks and resorts, motion picture production, and a various number of television networks. As Walt Disney continued to dominate other industries, it is no surprise that their revenues have increased. From the beginning of 2007 with revenues of $35.5 billion the company increased profits to $45 billion in 2013. Not only this, but the share price had consistently outperformed in†¦show more content†¦This image has been developed and built throughout decades. While they have been developing this brand they have also been given the title of being ethical and having outstanding values. Disney has created a family-orien ted atmosphere that parents have come to appreciate since the company was established. Becoming a diversified company throughout the years would be Walt Disney’s second strength. Since the beginning, Disney was the largest media and entertainment company in the world. Some of the most popular products and services Disney owns is Star Wars, Marvel, and even ESPN. When a company is capable to spread its line of work like Walt Disney has, there is an unlimited space for success. However, with these strengths comes weaknesses as well. For instance, even though Disney has took over the ESPN network there have been nearly eight million people unsubscribe. This has nothing to do with the fact that Disney owns it, but because people are turning to internet for streaming sport functions. Unfortunately, under this circumstance Disney is still affected dramatically. A second weakness would be how unpredictable customers are. Since Disney solely exists because of their customers they mus t adapt to changes in tastes and preferences. Not only this, but being in the entertainment industry Disney customers expect to see new movies and attractions. To be in this industry it is difficult to constantly beShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney s Corporate Strategy988 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is the Walt Disney Company s corporate strategy? (20 pts) †¢ â€Å"The Happiest Place on Earth†! Walt Disney’s corporate strategy focuses a lot on the family. They want to achieve family focuses content with the uses of technology to create an experience that will be the most memorable. Another key point of their strategy is to widen their reach of families on a more international scale. Being better than the competition has placed Walt Disney in the forefront. Media networks, theme parks, studioRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Transformational Leadership1726 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to act as a consulting analysis on how Walt Disney utilized his transformational leadership and brought to the world one of the most famous entertainment companies in the 20th century. Transformational leaders provide extraordinary motivation by appealing to people’s ideals and values and inspiring them to think about issues in new ways. It begins with a vision and the leader embeds that vision into others through encouragement, enthusiasm and motivationRead MoreThe Walmart Case And Applied The Concepts Exposed By Cage Distance Framework1561 Words   |  7 Pages 3. Strategy Formation We analyzed the Walmart case and applied the concepts exposed by CAGE distance framework (Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic Distance). We saw how Walmart took notable advantage in some foreign regions such as Mexico and Canada. However the CAGE distance proved to be disappointingly significant for Walmart and produced mixed results not even close to the dominance exhibited in the US and in some others foreign locations this proved to be a disastrous ventureRead MoreStrategic Management at the Walt Disney Company4260 Words   |  18 Pagesrecent period of strategic change at The Walt Disney Company which began in 2005 with the appointment of current CEO Robert Iger. The company began to experience halted growth during the late 1990s. The former CEO Michael Eisner had been successful himself in the late 1980s in changing the company during what is known as the Disney Renaissance. Eisner successfully concentrated the company’s energy back into producing animated films and helped the company to create now-classic names such as The LittleRead MoreNetflix Case Analysis Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagescompared to rivalry competition. The number of rivalries are increasing, and the market remains dominated by only a few sizeable rivalries like Blockbuster Video, Wal-Mart, Walt Disney Movies and Movielink’s Downloadable Movies. Netflix is determined to offer new and innovative technology to sustain their competitive advantage. â€Å"Netflix growth strategy entails making the best product and the best consumer experience even better. Lead the expansion of internet delivery content by offering subscribersRead MoreAthletic Shoe and Nike4456 Words   |  18 PagesNIKE 1 Nike has always remained on the preference list of athletes and  athletic  footwear  was indeed the first category of products launched by the company more than 30 years ago. Today, you can see the craze for its products, not only among athletes, but also among golfers and other sportspeople. Apart from that,  Nike  shoes  and other accessories have also become the favorite  fashion  products for teenagers. Thus, fashion, elegance and achievements are some of the associated attributes of NikeRead MoreEssay about International Business Disneyland Assignment4656 Words   |  19 PagesTable of Contents:- Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Company Overview 5 Attractiveness of the market 7 Country Factor Analysis 7 ââ€" ª Political Factor 7 ââ€" ª Economic Factor 9 ââ€" ª Social Factor 9 ââ€" ª Cultural Factor 10 ââ€" ª Legal Factor 11 ââ€" ª Religious Factor 12 Conclusion 12 References 13 Executive Summary:- Introduction:- [pic] The world is getting smaller and smaller by new ways of technology and modes of communication. With the rapid changesRead MoreWhere in the World Is Disney Essay3689 Words   |  15 Pages Presented to: Carol (Seminar 11 for BFP1101 Professional Development) Executive Summary: This report provides in depth information about the location of the next location for Disney Land. It analyses, evaluates, and provides recommendation for the expansion of Disney Land in the three chosen cities; Barcelona, Spain, Istanbul, Turkey and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The method of analysis included an in depth research of all three chosen cities in consideration of its tourismRead MoreThe Pepsi Carbonated Soft Drink Consumer Demand Promotion5012 Words   |  21 Pagesdistribution channels to stimulate demand for the Pepsi carbonated soft drink to the end users as defined to maintain Pepsi’s younger generation of consumers over the next two decades. The strategic plan will consist of a strategic alliance with The Walt Disney Company coupled with a pop star endorsement by Hannah Montana and Kanye West with multiple promotion communication channels and strategies over the next two (2) years. The primary competitor, Coca-Cola, has been entrenched in the North American be verageRead MoreTeaching Notes Robert Grant - Strategy 4th Edition51665 Words   |  207 PagesStrategies: Merrill Lynch, Charles Schwab and E*Trade 83 10 11 12 Emi and the CT Scanner [A] [B] 88 Rivalry in Video Games 98 Birds Eye and the UK Frozen Food Industry 109 1 CONTENTS 13 14 15 16 Euro Disney: From Dream to Nightmare, 1987–94 116 Richard Branson and the Virgin Group of Companies in 2002 125 General Electric: Life After Jack 131 AES Corporation: Rewriting the Rules of Management 139 2 Introduction This new edition of Cases in Contemporary Strategy Analysis has been developed

Music during the Romantic Era Essay Example

Essays on Music during the Romantic Era Essay The paper "Music during the Romantic Era" is a great example of an essay on music. Music during the Romantic Era was characterized by extending the rules which were restricted or formally structured during the Classical Era. Composers during the Romantic Era extended the boundaries in terms of exploring diverse possibilities in movement, harmonies, rhythm, melody, and tones, among other musical elements. There were schools of thought during the era that were delineated in terms of extending the rules conservatively or defying any boundaries and restrictions.Composers such as Schubert and Brahms manifested a more conservative approach in extending the boundaries of their musical compositions. Franz Schubert’s creative invention of the art song or a form of Lied actually exemplified an extension of boundaries in terms of blending poems and music. Johannes Brahms’ Hungarian Dances, on the other hand, exemplifies the composer’s innovative exploration of culture from a foreign land. Composers who pushed the boundaries were Berlioz and Wagner known to have challenged musical rules of that era. Richard Wagner was notoriously known to have gained controversy during the era due to his extending the boundaries excessively. He was chosen as the favorite composer of the Nazis. Berlioz was famous for challenging musical boundaries through his famous composition, Symphonie fantastique,  a unique and innovative structure of musical score which attempted to relay a story with the use of musical instruments alone.In terms of being coined as entering the â€Å"dark side† due to pushing the boundaries of defying rules in dynamics and expressions, one’s personal contention is that these composers were just exploring the extent or limits to the expressions they could manifest from their compositions. Richard Strauss was viewed to have entered the dark side when he chose to remain in Germany during WWII to assume the post of a Jewish conductor th at was reportedly removed by the Nazis. However, their analogies to entering the dark side could be interpreted as the era coincided with the Nazi regime whose members also favored composers of those times – but not necessarily meaning that their goals and commitments mirror those identified in notoriety.

Opre 6371 Case 5-2 Free Essays

6Case 5-2: Rondot Automotive Name: Lovee Sachdeva, Bin Wen, Matthew Miles, Ryan Buxbaum ,Yuguang Wang, Shaoying Lu. Group: 3 Date: 2/22/2013 ————————————————- Situation: * Glenn Northcott is the purchasing planner at Rondot Automobile in Jackson, Mississippi. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rondot Worldwide, a leading global designer and manufacturer of electrical and electronic components. We will write a custom essay sample on Opre 6371 Case 5-2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Note: You are Glenn) * Responsible for evaluation the outsourcing opportunity * Meet with Terry Gibson and purchasing manager to decide whether or not to take actions on outsourcing * Glenn had been approached by Greven E-Coating willing to provide electro coating services to Rondot Automobile * Goals of decision making: Reducing the total costs while maintaining and minimizing the risks from any changes made * Considerable global competition under severe cost pressure * Customer’s price reduction pressure expectancies from global competition * Total Sales and employment at the Jackson plant had steadily declined * Company is under significant pressure on cost reduction. The company’s current priority is to reduce operation costs * Rondot is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rondot Worldwide, a leading global designer and manufacturer of electrical and electronic components. Rondot Automotive operated 85 plants in 25 countries. The purchasing organization at Rondot automoti ve had a hybrid structure and the Jackson plant’s purchasing department consisted of four people, including two buyers, a planner (Glen) and Terry Gibson. * Schedule with the purchasing manager, Terry Gibson, and the plant manager, Dick Taylor in one week, and both of them are under significant pressure to reduce costs at Jackson plant. * Greven E-Coating outsourcing opportunity * Greven E-Coating Company uses a system whereby a DC electrical charge is applied to a metal part immersed in a bath of oppositely charged paint particles. * Considered more cost efficient compared to traditional wet paint systems * Samples provided from Greven E-Coating Company Tests results: 5/6 of families of housings could be converted to e-coaring using Greven at a cost of 15 cents each * Parts for five of the six represents 60% of the Jackson Plant’s volume * Failure because of different methods of adhesion of a magnet to the housing. Hot –bond adhesion process fits e-coating whil e cold-bond adhesion process does not fit e-coating system Current situation: * Total sales and employment at the Jackson plant had steadily declined over the past five years. * The number of employees at the plant had dropped from 1450 to 600 and plant management was under pressure to lower costs and regain market share. * Glenn has the option to do outsourcing on cleaning and painting work to Greven E-Coating. Glenn needs to come up with an ideal recommendation on how to reduce the cost and propose that to Terry Gibson and Dick Taylor. * The cleaning and wet painting had been installed 17 years prior and undergone a number of upgrades, and the current painting method costs 25 cents for each housing. (There are six parts in a housing family) BASIC ISSUES 1. Company to take decision on insourcing or outsourcing 2. Higher costs related to painting cleaning 3. Lack of advanced technology to compete in cost reduction for a lower price 4. A decision to make, once made, is often difficu lt to reserve. If Rondot Automobile decides to make agreements on e-coating system, The plant needs to convert 100% hot-bond adhesion system 5. Total cost of converting 40% of cold-bond adhesion system to the total cost savings: Long-Term estimation, not short term 6. Whether the use of e-coating will lead to sole source dependency: Is the e-coating system a common painting method in market? 7. The durability of e-coating VS. of traditional coating system 8. Cost benefits analysis on the process 9. Inexperienced decision making on outsourcing opportunity Tasks: * What does Richard Kaplan do? Richard needs to clarify and calculate the total cost savings and the cost of converting from cold-bond adhesion to hot-bond adhesion * 25 Cents * 6 = $1. 50 * 15 Cents * 6 = $0. 90 * Does the difference $0. 60 can cover the conversion from traditional wet coating system to e-coating system? The durability and re-paint rate is also needed to consider: If the wet-coating system has durability of 10 years while e-coating repaint rate is 8 years, The total cost of conversion from traditional wet-coating system to e-coating system will incre ase significantly * What are alternatives? * Negotiate with Greven E-Coating for a lower costs * Conduct a careful research on both advantages and disadvantages of E-coating system * Search for more options in potential sources and substitute items other than traditional wet-painting and e-coating * The challenge of maintaining long-term technological and economic viability for the possible 100% hot-bond adhesion system * The revision of policy of supplier selection Criteria of standardization and policies regarding the choosing of suppliers * An understanding of the market conditions in order to set appropriate expectations for the price provided from Greven E- Coating * Analyze data collected for cost and technical information * Identify the root causes of sales decline. If the sales revenue can be improved, the company can maintain the current painting process to avoid future external risks * * Determine that is the cold-bond adhesion system a necessary facility for the particula r family to manufacture any specified electrical and electronic components * Dose this outsourcing plan fit the business goals and objectives? * What does the company’s top management think about the Jackson plant’s outsourcing plan? * Which level of management makes a final decision on outsourcing? Talk to manufacturing manager and clarify more information about cold-bond adhesion * Talk to the manager in the family that uses cold-bond adhesion system. Clarify the reason why the family of housing choose to use cold-bond adhesion * Identify and estimate total cost to uninstall and setup the new bond system if the method of adhering a magnet to the housing is not mandatory SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION; 1. How to make analysis of the cost of switching current painting process versus the cost of setting up a painting process? What kinds of training should be provided due to the new standards of temperature, air and etc? 2. If the result of outsourcing is rejected, i s the subcontracting an alternative for the company? What are the benefits and risks of using reverse auctions for specialized OEM parts? 3. What risk management and contractual steps are necessary before moving company owned tooling to a new supplier? 4. What are the benefits and risks of outsourcing? Actions: * Determination of detailed function mandatory of Cold-Bond Adhesion system * Meet with both Manufacturing manager and the family manager in Jackson Plant. * Determine the total costs of uninstallation the current cold-bond adhesion system and the installation of hot-bond adhesion system * Total Cost Savings calculation * Identify the cost savings potential after the modification. With the newly modified standards, communicate with Greven E-Coating and analyze the decision based on the feedbacks from the supplier. * Determine whether the total cost savings can cover the conversion cost from cold-bond adhesion system to hot-bond system * Estimate the future necessity and future technological tendency of replacing traditional wet paint to E-Coating. If the company is going to replace the traditional wet painting in the future anyway, the cost of conversion can be ignored. * Talk with Betty McKinley again and determine the detailed cost of holding two more weeks of inventory * Make agreements on price and quantity, meanwhile negotiate the term of warranty and quality assurance with Greven E-Coating Results: If accept outsourcing opportunity * Cost savings:25-15-3=7 cents on each housing * Add another two weeks worth of inventory * Lower labor and material costs * Product price reductions i. e. ability to offer reduced price to customers. * Become more competitive and there will be a gradual increase in the profit and market share. * If not accepting outsourcing opportunity (i. e.. using the earlier system ) * No savings- no price reductions * Reduce risk for investment * Extra cost in upgrading the system * Spending on more labor in this operation which results in additional costs * May result in lower opera ting time * Extra time for testing upgraded system. If total cost savings is greater than the costs of uninstallation of Cold-bond adhesion + Installation of hot-bond adhesion + extra inventory carrying costs: * Prepare the agreements and contract documentation on outsourcing decision with Greven E-Coating * The contract content with Greven E-Coating tends to be short-term to avoid sole-source dependency situation. Reach out lower priced suppliers while maintain the quality assurance * If total cost savings is equal to or less than the costs of uninstallation of Cold-bond adhesion + Installation of hot-bond adhesion + extra inventory carrying costs: * Determine the importance of common tendency of using E-coating for other manufacturing companies. If the E-coating is not mandatory in the future market, reject the outsourcing plan to avoid extra possible risks * Find out other alternative ways to reduce total costs, such as reduction of labor costs, manufacturing overhead or the replacement of cost-efficient equipment or facilities Priorities: * Maintain cost reduction at the Jackson plant. * Increase sales volume and high market share. * Ensure a successful outsourcing decision. * Maintain company’s reputation-image for reliability. Conclusion: The painting process should be outsourced in order to achieve significant cost savings. Ensure supplier selection process is properly done, forecast and mitigate against outsourcing inherent risks and ensure quality standard is met at all times. These will help in achieving a successful outsourcing agreement. How to cite Opre 6371 Case 5-2, Papers

Expenditure Approach For Australia and China

Question: Discuss about theExpenditure Approach For Australia and China. Answer: Introduction The expenditure approach is also referred to as the Gross Domestic Product method which is used in determining the economic status of a country, its total productivity of the goods and services and its growth and development. The GDP is used to calculate the Gross Domestic Product of a country by using three components: the domestic consumption of the people living there, investments by both the government and the private sectors or organizations, government consumption or expenditure of the government on its citizens and net exports which refers to the difference between the imports and the exports of the country (Landefeld et al, 2008). Apparently, this is one of the most widely used approaches that are being used by countries in their estimation of economic growth. This means that these factors are also able to affect the rate of economic growth and development of a country. This report is going to give an explanation of these components and show how they influenced the economy of Australia and China in the year 2014, 2015 and 2016. Household Consumption This is simply the total consumption of all the citizens living in the country. It consists of the total private expenditures i.e. the household expenditures. Apparently, it is the largest components of all the other three which means that it covers the largest percentage of the total GDP of a country (Jacobs et al, 2011). These expenses may include the payment of rent, costs incurred in purchasing jewelry, food, machines, among other things. In the year 2014, the household consumption was 3%, 2015 it decreased to 2.9% and in 2016 it increased to 3% which contributed to 1.6% increase of the total GDP. All these percentages are out of the total GDP of Australia. Between the year 2014 and 2015 the consumption in China accounted for 64.6% and in 2014-2015 it accounted for 66.4% of total GDP. This caused an increase of the GDP in general for the country (Morrison, 2014). Government Expenditure This is the spending the government spends or incurs during the provision of goods and services to its citizens. It includes the costs that it incurs in security and finalizing of the goods and services provision (Clements et al, 2013). These expenses may include things like purchases of the military weapons and other materials needed for security purposes, the payment of salaries and wages to the public servants, infrastructure development in the country, provision of health services by building hospitals and dispensaries, pension payments to the retired public servants, education system support to name just but a few. In the year 2014, the Australian government consumption was 0.5%, 2015 and 2016 it increased to 3.8% of the total GDP contributing to 0.7% points of the total GDP growth and development change ((Rees et al, 2014). This increases the total GDP of Australia in general and especially for specific years. The government expenditure for China increased by 18.7% between the year 2015 and 2016 and by 10.9% between the year 2014 and 2015. Investments This is the investments that the country and as well as the private sectors invest in any asset or project for future returns or profits. The investment can be termed as investment only when it is able to earn the returns. However, if it does not earn or bring about any returns at the end of the period, it is not to be considered as an investment (Kishor et al, 2012). The investments can be things like, buying of bonds or treasury bills by and organization of an individual, buying of shares by an organization or individual among others. The private investments for Australia decreased by 2.4% in 2014-2015 and 5.2% in 2015-2016 which gives a total decrease of 1.1%. This means that the decrease will certainly affect the total GDP of Australia for the specific years. The investments for China decreased by 3.1% between the year 2015 and 2016 and by 10.1 between the year 2014 and 2015. Net Exports This refers to the difference between the imports of a country and the exports. If net exports is positive, then it means that the country exported more than the imports ad if it is negative, the imports were more than the exports and therefore causing a change in balance of payment. When the exports are more, the country is in a better position economically and therefore can grow and develop itself at a faster rate than when the imports are more which means that the country is producing less than it can consume and so it has to import (Clements et al, 2010). Between the years 2015 and 2016 the net exports of Australia increased by 1.2% which meant that the total GDP would increase as well. The net exports for China decreased by 0.9% between the year 2015 and 2016 and by 7% between 2014 and 2015. Conclusion In conclusion, the GDP of a country is contributed by the four main components of the Expenditure approach method. From the information give, it is clear that the GDP for Australia is less compared to that of China. This is generally when we consider the four components of the approach and sum all of them up. In general the GDP for Australia in the year 2014 was $1454.68billion and 2015 was $1339.54billion and $1410billion in 2016. The total GDP of the country was fluctuating with years but still it targeted higher value for the coming years like 2017. On the other hand, the GDP for China was $10482.37 billion in the year 2014, $11007.72 billion in 2015 and remained the same even in 2016. Its GDP was increasing gradually as the years pass and still having high targets for the years to come. This is actually shown by the graphs below for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 total gross domestic products for both countries. Refernces Morrison, W. M. (2014). China's economic rise: history, trends, challenges, and implications for the United States.Current Politics and Economics of Northern and Western Asia,23(4), 493. Rees, D., Lancaster, D., Finlay, R. (2014).A state-space approach to Australian GDP measurement. Reserve Bank of Australia. Landefeld, S. J., Seskin, E. P., Fraumeni, B. M. (2008). Taking the pulse of the economy: Measuring GDP.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,22(2), 193-193. Jacobs, J. P., Van Norden, S. (2011). Modeling data revisions: Measurement error and dynamics of true values.Journal of Econometrics,161(2), 101-109. Clements, M. P., Galvo, A. B. (2013). Forecasting with vector autoregressive models of data vintages: US output growth and inflation.International Journal of Forecasting,29(4), 698-714. Kishor, N. K., Koenig, E. F. (2012). 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